Christensenia aesculifolia (Blume) Maxon

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Christensenia aesculifolia is a species of tropical fern found throughout southeast Asia. Its leaves resemble horse chestnuts.

Christensenia aesculifolia - Wikipedia

The rare and threatened fern Christensenia aesculifolia of South-east Asia is listed in China as a second-ranked plant for national protection and is also categorized as one of 62 plant species with extremely small populations by the Yunnan provincial government. Field investigations during 2014–2017 failed to relocate one previously known population, and revealed that the single known extant population of C. aesculifolia contains only 10 individual plants. The most urgent conservation requirement for this species is to conserve the threatened habitat of the remnant population. Further field surveys and research are also required for an improved understanding of the species’ status.

In China there is a particular focus on the conservation of plant species categorized as having extremely small populations. One of these is the fern Christensenia aesculifolia (Bl.) Maxon (Marattiaceae) (with the synonyms Aspidium aesculifolium, Christensenia assamica, Christensenia lobbiana, Kaulfussia aesculifolia, Kaulfussia assamica, Kaulfussia korthalsii and Kaulfussia lobbiana), which is found throughout limestone areas of South-east Asia (Rolleri, Reference Rolleri1993; He & Christenhusz, Reference He, Christenhusz, Wu and Raven2013). Although this species is widely distributed, the number of populations is low. Christensenia aesculifolia has not yet been assessed for the IUCN Red List but it was listed as a provincial second-ranked protected wild plant in Yunnan in 1989, and as a national second-ranked protected wild plant in China in 1999. In March 2010 it was identified as one of 62 plant species with extremely small populations in Yunnan because of its small remaining population, restricted habitat, a high degree of disturbance from people, and a high risk of extinction (Ma et al., Reference Ma, Chen, Grumbine, Dao, Sun and Guo2013; Sun, Reference Sun2013; Wang et al., Reference Wang, Ma, Chen, Li, Dao and Sun2016; Diniz et al., Reference Diniz, Goncalves and Brito2017). In 2013 C. aesculifolia was categorized nationally as Critically Endangered on the China Biodiversity Red List (on the basis of criteria Blab(i,ii) + 2a(i,ii), C2a(i)), and in 2017 it was included in the Threatened Species List of China's Higher Plants because of the extremely low numbers of individuals in China (Qin et al., Reference Qin, Yang, Dong, He, Jia and Zhao2017).

Christensenia aesculifolia has the largest synangia on the back of the leaves of any fern; this is one of its distinguishing features. It does not resemble a typical fern, and without sporangia appears similar to Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott and is often mistaken for a species of Araceae.

Rescuing Christensenia aesculifolia (Marattiaceae), a plant species with an extremely small population in China | Oryx | Cambridge Core

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