Tofieldia nuda Maxim. var. nuda

국표에는 없다.

The family Liliaceae was split from the Liliaceae family.
In Aichi Prefecture, it is found only in the Higashi-Mikawa area and is designated as an endangered class II. Not listed in the country. It is sold as a garden species.
The rhizome is short. The rhizomatous leaves are xiphoid lobes 5~25 cm long, without fine serrations at the edges, all edges, inward folded, overlapping at the base, and are arranged in two rows on the left and right. The flower stalk is 15~30 cm high, has 2~3 small leaves, and bears many flowers in racemes with a length of 3~12 cm at the top of the stem. The peduncle is 5~10mm long, and one bract is attached to the base to wrap the peduncle. The perianth has 6 pieces, white, 3~4mm long, linear-oblong. The stamens are 6 pieces, the same length as the perianth sepal or slightly longer. Peduncle 3 pieces. The fruit is ovate, coasting, and fruitful. Seeds do not have a caudate appendage. 2n=30

Genus Chishimazekisho

family Tofieldiaceae － genus Tofieldia

Perennial, with a short oblique rhizome. The leaves are rhizomatous or almost root-based, in two rows, the base is equitant, sword-shaped, flattened on the sides. Flower stalks are erect, thin, with racemes of numerous flowers at the end or, in rare cases, paniculate inflorescences. Flowers are bisexual, bract-axil, small, often with one cupolacal, rarely three almost deciduous bracts at the base. Six perianth pieces, separated or joined at the base, and inherited. Six stamens are often separated, sometimes joined at the base, or attached to the base of the perianth. Anthers are ovoid, bottom-coed or dorsioid, inward~sideways. The ovary is upper, normal, ovate, three-lobed at the tip, sessiles or sessile. Ovules numerous. Nectar glands (septal nectaries). It has three peduncles, rather short, and an inward-pointing stigma. The fruit is interalveolar dehisced, three-chambered, and sometimes deeply lobed in the form of a bag. Seeds are small, medium, linear ~ oblong.
There are about 20 species in the world, distributed mainly in the subarctic, temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere.

The main species of the genus Chishimazekisho

1 Tofieldia coccinea Richards Chishimazekisho Chishima Ishiibu [broad sense]
Native to Japan (Hokkaido, north of the central region of Honshu), Korea, China, Mongolia, Russia, and North America. The Chinese name is 长白岩菖蒲 Chang Bai Yan Chang pu。
Evergreen perennial. The leaves are mostly rhizomatous, a little peduncle. The leaves are 2.5~7(~8)cm× 2~3(~4) mm wide, quite hard, the edges are densely covered with microscopic protrusions, the tips are pointed, and the veins are indistinct and unclear. The flower stalk is 5~16cm long and has 1~2 short linear leaves at the top. The racemes are 7~30mm long and densely bear a large number of flowers. Flowers spread horizontally or often point downwards. The peduncle is 0.5~0.8mm long at the time of flowering and 1.5~2(~3.5)mm long at the time of fruit. The bracts are 1, pinnio-shaped, 3-lobed at the tip, rarely 3 full-lobed. The perianth sepals are white or slightly pink or rarely purple, inverted lanceolate, oblong, 2~3 mm long× about 0.5 mm wide. The stamens protrude from the perianth and in rare cases become the same length as the perianth. The ovary is ovate, slightly three-lobed at the tip. The peduncle is quite thick, about 0.4 mm long, close to the length of the anthers. The fruit is downward-pointing, spherical, 2~2.5(~3) mm in diameter, slightly 3-lobed at the tip, has a host peduncle of 0.5~0.8 mm in length, and the stigma is clearly thick. Seeds are close to linear-spindle-shaped, rarely oval, long (0.8~) 1mm, no white vertical band. The flowering period is July ~ August. The fruit period is August ~ September. 2 n = (20), 30, (32).。
1-1 Tofieldia coccinea Richards. var. coccinea
synonym Tofieldia nutans Willd. ex Schult. et Schult.f.
synonym Tofieldia fusca Miyabe et Kudo
synonym Tofieldia coccinea Richards. var. fusca (Miyabe et Kudo) H.Hara
synonym Tofieldia coccinea Richards. f. fusca (Miyabe et Kudo) Q.S.Sun
synonym Tofieldia coccinea Richards. f. rishiriensis (Miyabe et Kudo) Sugim.
synonym Tofieldia nutans Willd. ex Schult. et Schult.f. var. fusca (Miyabe et Kudo) Koidz.

1-2 Tofieldia coccinea Richards. var. akkana (T.Shimizu) T.Shimizu Individual mutation
of the low mountain type of Akkazekisho
1-3 Tofieldia coccinea Richards. var. dibotrya M.N.Tamura et Fuse
1-4 Tofieldia coccinea Richards. var. geibiensis (M.Kikuchi) H.Hara
1-5 Tofieldia coccinea Richards. var. gracilis (Franch. et Sav.) T.Shimizu Hakone Hanazekisho A low-lying type of
Chishima Zekisho.
It grows taller and resembles a Japanese leafhopper in appearance, but has a dense microscopic protrusion on the edge of the leaf.
The leaves are 35~00mm long × 1~3mm wide, which is longer than that of the apoisekisho. The flower stalk is 10~24 cm long at fruit, and the peduncle is 2~5 mm at fruit. The fruit is 2.5~4mm long.

1-6 Tofieldia coccinea Richards. var. kiusiana (Okuyama) H.Hara Nagaechabozekisho
synonym Tofieldia nutans Willd. ex Schult. et Schult.f. var. kiusiana (Okuyama) Ohwi


1-7 Tofieldia coccinea Richards. var. kondoi (Miyabe et Kudo) H.Hara synonym
Tofieldia nutans Willd. ex J.A. et J.H.Schult. var. kondoi (Miyabe et Kudo) H.Hara
synonym Tofieldia coccinea Richards. var. fauriei (H.Lev. et Vaniot) T.Yamaz.
synonym Tofieldia coccinea Richards. f. pallescens H.Hara
synonym Tofieldia fauriei H.Lev. et Vaniot Distributed in
Hokkaido (Hidaka Mountains, Mt. Ohira, Sagayama) and Honshu (subalpine ~ alpine zone at an altitude of 1200 ~ 2800 m in central and northern Japan). It is also known as Chabozekisho.
The leaves are 25~80mm long × 1.5~3mm wide. At the fruiting stage, the flower stalk is 5~12 cm long, and the peduncle grows to 2~5 mm in length. The fruit is slightly sparsely attached to the inflorescence, and the fruit is 2~3 (~4) mm long, brownish-brown, rarely black.

2 Tofieldia furusei (Hiyama) M.N.Tamura et Fuse Yashuhana Zekisho
synonym Tofieldia nuda Maxim. var. furusei Hiyama
Honshu (Tochigi)
It has running branches and a peduncle of 8~15 mm in length. The fruit is broadly oval, 2.5~3mm long.

3 Tofieldia nuda Maxim.
3-1 Tofieldia nuda Maxim. var. nuda Hanazekisho Hanaishi Irises Endemic to
Japan (west of the Kanto region of Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu). It is also known as Iwazekisho.
In Aichi Prefecture, it is found only in the Higashi-Mikawa area and is designated as an endangered class II. Not listed in the country. It is sold as a garden species. It grows on rocky cliffs in the mountains.
Perennial. Height 10~30cm. The rhizome is short. There are no running branches. The rhizomatous leaves are xiphoid lobes 5~25 cm long, with no fine serrations at the edges, smooth, full edges, inward folded, overlapping at the base, and are arranged in two rows on the left and right. The flower stalk is 15~30 cm high, has 2~3 small leaves, and bears many flowers in racemes with a length of 3~12 cm at the top of the stem. The peduncle is 5~10mm long, and one bract is attached to the base to wrap the peduncle. The perianth has 6 pieces, white, 3~4mm long, linear-oblong. The stamens are 6 pieces, the same length as the perianth sepal or slightly longer. Peduncle 3 pieces. The fruit is ovate, coasting, and fruitful. Seeds do not have a caudate appendage. 2n=30。 The flowering period is July ~ August.
3-2 Tofieldia nuda Maxim. var. hizenensis T.Yamaz. Hizen Hanazekisho Hizen Hanaishi Distributed in
Kyushu (Saga Prefecture, Nagasaki Prefecture).
There are no running branches, and the peduncle is 4~8mm long. The fruit is broadly oval and resembles a Japanese flower, but the fruit is slightly smaller, 2.5~4mm long.

4 Tofieldia okuboi Makino Himeiwa irises Endemic to
Japan (Hokkaido, north of the Chubu region of Honshu). Subalpine ~ Grows in alpine rocky areas and grasslands.
Perennial. Height 5~15cm. The leaves are 3~6cm long, 2~6mm wide, and wide in the middle. Racemes 1~4 cm long are attached to the end of the long flower stalk. There are about 5~10 flowers. The peduncle is 2~6mm long. Perianth sepals white, 6 pieces, about 6 mm long. Stamens 6 pieces, anthers yellow. The pistil is 1, the peduncle is 3, the ovary is green. The fruit is about 4 mm long. The flowering period is July ~ August.

5 Tofieldia yoshiiana Makino
5-1 Tofieldia yoshiiana Makino var. yoshiiana Yakushimachabozekisho Yakushima dwarf chicken stone 菖
synonym Tofieldia nuda Maxim. var. yoshiiana (Makino) T.Yamaz.
Japan (Yakushima).
It has running branches, the peduncle is long, the length (7~) is 10~15mm at the fruit stage, and the tip of the packet or parcel is pointed but not very sharp. The fruit is oval-ovate, 3~4 mm long.
5-2 Tofieldia yoshiiana Makino var. hyugaensis M.N.Tamura et Fuse Hyugahanazekisho


5-3 Tofieldia yoshiiana Makino var. koreana (Ohwi) M.N.Tamura, Fuse et N.S.Lee
synonym Tofieldia yoshiiana Makino var. kanwonensis (T.Yamaz.) M.N.Tamura, Fuse et N.S.Lee
synonym Tofieldia nuda auct. non Maxim.
Native to Korea.
It has a long flower stalk and a long peduncle, so it is different from the chabozekisho and resembles the hakonehana zekisho in appearance. The length of the leaves of a single plant is almost uniform, 4~5 cm long× 1.5~3 mm wide (length/width = about 43), and the leaves are more elongated than those of the Hakone Honeysuckle.

Tofieldia nuda var. nuda Tofieldiaceae Botanical observation of Mikawa (mikawanoyasou.org)