Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst

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The native range of this species is W. Tropical Africa to Ethiopia and Tanzania. It is a tree and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome.

Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science

 

A tree to about 13 m high, the short bole sometimes reaching over 2.5 m in girth, of the drier Sahel savanna from Senegal to Niger and N Nigeria, and across Africa to Ethiopia and Uganda.The tree is often planted around villages in E Africa. It is easily propagated either from seed or cuttings. A borer which attacks the tree is eaten by some people (6).The wood is soft, coarse and greyish dirty white. It is durable when well-seasoned. When big enough it is used for mortars and strong black-stained bowls called in Hausa akushi,bukuru, or specially baк̉i ďan danya. Of the woods used to make these bowls, this species is considered the best (6). In Jebel Marra wooden platters are made of it (8), and in Ethiopia milking vessels and axe-handles (16). Ash from the burnt wood, along with that from other trees is used for dehairing goat-skins before tanning (6).The bark yields a strong fibre (9) and when injured exudes a nearly colourless gum which becomes brittle and friable on drying. The gum, dissolved in water and mixed with soot, is used to make ink (6, 9). A bark-infusion is used by the Fula of N Nigeria for stomach-pains and constipation (10) and mixed with natron is used by the Hausa for dysentery (6). In Jebel Marra an infusion is taken to ease labour-pains (8). Analgesic action is also sought by the Basari of Senegal who chew the bark to compact carious cavities in the teeth to quell toothache (11, 14). Bark, especially of the roots, but also of the trunk, is prescribed as a remedy for snake-bites by the Fula of Senegal. Pounded to a paste it must be rubbed on till a swelling is raised, then a bark-decoction is drunk and a dressing applied over the area. The leaves may also be used (1, 12). The Fula of Senegal also consider the bark to furnish a good anti-inflammation preparation for external use, and with butter added is applied to the forehead for headache, and to the eyes for blepharitis. They take a decoction internally as a purge (12, 14). Soce of Senegal use a macerate of twig-bark for snake-bite (13). With other drug-plants it is used in Senegal in leprosy and syphilis treatments (14). A bark-decoction is used by the Nankani of Ghana for skin-eruptions (9). In veterinary medicine the Fula give a decoction to their stock to increase appetite (12).The root is pounded up with water by the Sukuma of

Tanganyika and the water is drunk for schistosomiasis, and is used for washing scabies (15).The foliage is grazed by cattle and camels in Senegal (2), and by camels in Jebel Marra (8). The higher branches may be cut for fodder in time of drought (6).The fruit is pale yellow, obovoid, nearly 3.7 cm long with a leathery rind like a mango and a similar fibrous soft pulp covering the stone. They are eaten in many parts of tropical Africa and are commonly sold in West African markets. When fully ripe they have an acid but pleasant taste. Travellers out in the bush find them satisfying to suck for thirst-quenching. They are said to be laxative. The expressed juice (mbajalle, Fula, N Nigeria) makes an agreeable drink, and in many areas is fermented into an alcoholic beverage (4, 6; Senegal, 3, 13; Upper Volta, 7). The juice may also be boiled down to a thick black consistency used for sweetening guinea-corn gruel (6). It is believed in Jebel Marra that the fruit when eaten attracts scorpions (8) to the eater.The nut contains two or three seeds with oily and edible kernels (Hausa, kuße, or ku’e) (6). The oil consists of 64% oleic acid, 17% myristic acid and small quantities of several others (5).

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Sclerocarya birrea | Tree SA

 

Flora of Zambia: Species information: individual images: Sclerocarya birrea (zambiaflora.com)

West African Plants - A Photo Guide - Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst. (senckenberg.de)