Myriopteris sp.

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Myriopteris, commonly known as the lip ferns, is a genus of cheilanthoid ferns. Like other cheilanthoids, they are ferns of dry habitats, reproducing both sexually and apogamously. Many species have leaves divided into a large number of small, bead-like segments, the probable inspiration for the generic name. Hairs and/or scales are often present on both the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf, and their presence and appearance are useful in distinguishing between species. The genus is most diverse in Mexico, but species are found from southwestern Canada south to southern Chile, and one species is endemic to southern Africa.

No single morphological character divides Myriopteris, as presently circumscribed, from the other cheilanthoids. Convergent evolution in arid environments is thought to be responsible for widespread homoplasy in the morphological characters traditionally used to classify this group. While small, bead-like ultimate segments are associated with the genus, they only appear in about 40% of its species, and appear in some cheilanthoids outside the genus as well. Cheilanthes sensu stricto bears 32 spores per sporangium in sexual species and 16 in apogamous species; with the exception of a few species of Notholaena, Myriopteris and the other cheilanthoids bear 64 spores per sporangium when sexual and 32 per sporangium when apomictic. Myriopteris can also be separated from Cheilanthes s.s., although less reliably, by spores bearing crests or wrinkles (rather than spines or bumps) and a lack of enlarged vein endings (rather than prominent hydathodes).

The three subgroups of the genus, informally called the alabamensis, covillei, and lanosa clades, likewise lack unique defining features. The small, bead-like ultimate segments are found in the core subclade of the covillei clade and also in M. gracilis, which is deeply nested in the alabamensis clade. Circinate vernation (the unfolding of new leaves as fiddleheads) is found throughout the lanosa clade and also in M. wrightii, the most basal member of the alabamensis clade. Most species have round rachises, although early-diverging members of the alabamensis and lanosa clades have rachises deeply grooved on the upper surface and flattened rachises shallowly grooved near the frond tip, respectively. Leaf indument (hairs and scales) is highly diverse across the genus and a key feature in species identification.

 

Myriopteris covillei has large, prominent scales beneath the leaf.

 

Myriopteris gracillima growing on basalt in the lower Columbia River gorge, WA

The base chromosome number for the genus appears to be x=30, except for a portion of the alabamensis clade, where x=29; the latter is typical for other cheilanthoids. Most species are either sexually reproducing diploids or apogamous triploids, with the exception of M. lendigera and some specimens of M. microphylla and M. scabra, which are sexually reproducing tetraploids.

Species

The following species (including two hybrids) are those recognized by Grusz & Windham in 2013, with some additions from the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World (version 8.11).[15] Letters in parentheses following the scientific names indicate which of the three clades the species belong to, if known.

• Myriopteris aemula (Maxon) Grusz & Windham (A) rival lip fern, Texas lip fern
• Myriopteris alabamensis (Buckley) Grusz & Windham (A) Alabama lip fern, smooth lip fern
• Myriopteris allosuroides (Mett.) Grusz & Windham (A)
• Myriopteris aurea (Poir.) Grusz & Windham (C) golden lip fern, Bonaire lip fern
• Myriopteris chipinquensis (Knobloch & Lellinger) Grusz & Windham (C)
• Myriopteris cinnamomea (Baker) Grusz & Windham (C)
• Myriopteris clevelandii (D.C.Eaton) Grusz & Windham (C) Cleveland's lip fern
• Myriopteris cooperae (D.C.Eaton) Grusz & Windham (L) Cooper's lip fern
• Myriopteris covillei (Maxon) Á.Löve & D.Löve (C) Coville's lip fern
• Myriopteris cucullans (Fée) Grusz & Windham (A)
• Myriopteris fendleri (Hook.) E.Fourn. (C) Fendler's lip fern
• Myriopteris × fibrillosa (Davenp.) Grusz & Windham (C)
• Myriopteris fimbriata (A.R.Sm.) Grusz & Windham (A)
• Myriopteris gracilis Fée (L) slender lip fern
• Myriopteris gracillima (D.C.Eaton) J.Sm. (C) lace lip fern
• Myriopteris intertexta (Maxon) Grusz & Windham (C) coastal lip fern
• Myriopteris jamaicensis (Maxon) Grusz & Windham (C)
• Myriopteris lanosa (Michx.) Grusz & Windham (L) hairy lip fern, woolly lip fern
• Myriopteris lendigera (Cav.) Fée (C) nit-bearing lip fern, beaded lip fern
• Myriopteris lindheimeri (Hook.) J.Sm. (C) Lindheimer's lip fern, fairy swords
• Myriopteris longipila (Baker) Grusz & Windham (L)
• Myriopteris marsupianthes Fée (C)
• Myriopteris maxoniana (Mickel) Grusz & Windham (L?)
• Myriopteris mexicana (Davenp.) Grusz & Windham (C)
• Myriopteris mickelii (T.Reeves) Grusz & Windham (A)
• Myriopteris microphylla (Sw.) Grusz & Windham (A) southern lip fern
• Myriopteris moritziana (Kunze) Grusz & Windham (A)
• Myriopteris myriophylla (Desv.) J.Sm. (C)
• Myriopteris newberryi (D.C.Eaton) Grusz & Windham (C) Newberry's lip fern
• Myriopteris notholaenoides (Desv.) Grusz & Windham (A)
• Myriopteris × parishii (Davenp.) Grusz & Windham (C × L)
• Myriopteris parryi (D.C.Eaton) Grusz & Windham (L) Parry's lip fern
• Myriopteris peninsularis (Maxon) Grusz & Windham (A)
• Myriopteris pringlei (Davenp.) Grusz & Windham (A) Pringle's lip fern
• Myriopteris rawsonii (Mett. ex Kuhn) Grusz & Windham (L)
• Myriopteris rufa Fée (C) Eaton's lip fern
• Myriopteris scabra (C.Chr.) Grusz & Windham (A) rough lip fern, prickly lip fern
• Myriopteris tomentosa (Link) Fée (C) woolly lip fern
• Myriopteris viscida (Davenp.) Grusz & Windham (L) viscid lip fern
• Myriopteris windhamii Grusz (C) villous lip fern
• Myriopteris wootonii (Maxon) Grusz & Windham (C) Wooton's lip fern
• Myriopteris wrightii (Hook.) Grusz & Windham (A) Wright's lip fern
• Myriopteris yatskievychiana (Mickel) Grusz & Windham (C)
• Myriopteris yavapensis (T.Reeves ex Windham) Grusz & Windham (C) Yavapai lip fern, graceful lip fern

Myriopteris - Wikipedia

 

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