Gibbaeum gibbosum (Haw.) N.E.Br.

Description: Gibbaeum gibbosum is a compact perennial succulent that grows flat in the ground forming dense clumps up to 10-15 cm in diameter and 3-6 cm above the level of the soil surface. Unequal pairs of smooth deep green to yellowish green leaves (different in shape and size) look like sharks head, the old leaves form white sheaths around the bases of the leaf-pairs. The only known glabrous species with which this can be confused is Gibbaeum marlothii, from which the larger size and much more unequal leaves readily distinguish it. Leaves and flowers, respectively fruits are distributed all over the plants.
Stems: Main branches longer or shorter prostrate and secondary ones upright. All branches lightly or more loosely packed, so that little or nothing of the branches is seen from above, but only the leaves. The subterranean part of the plant consists frequently of a very stout hard woody rootstock descending vertically into the ground which may be 6-10 cm in diameter at its upper end. This rootstock does not penetrate very deep into the soil, at most about 20 cm.
Bodies (paired leaves): Bluish-green to yellowish green, glabrous and smooth, 2-6 cm long, 1-2 cm thick at the base, formed of two opposite, equal, subequal or (usually) very unequal finger-shaped, leaves more or less united into a solid body, or the unequal leaves more widely separated and spreading, but still united at the lower part, the larger slightly incurved, trigonous and somewhat flattened above, with 2 keels almost scimitar-shaped beneath, the upper leaf surface pressed closely against the smaller leaf and thus invisible. The fissure quite distinct. The smaller leaf usually about one-third as long with a less pronounced hump on the lower leaf surface, the upper leaf surface completely invisible during the dry season. After winter rainfall the leaves of a pair are spreading, very fat, green and juicy; in spring with progressing heat and drought they start discolouring; after the dry season (summer) they form a rounded pyramid often with a reddish to purplish tint and may look quite miserable. Under some shelter and in deeper soil the leaves tends to be deep green, longer, more or less divergent and luxuriant, while in exposed places
the leaves are often small, appressed, yellowish green, half the size of the first.
Flowers: (10-)25-30(-45) mm in diameter, pedicellate, stalk (8-)1215(-17) mm long slightly compressed, bract less, with the ovary usually exserted from the fissure. Calyx bilobed down to the top of the ovary. Sepals sub-equal, outer two slightly keeled, with minute papillae on keel, 5 mm. long, inner four deltoid, membraneous margin. Petals 35-43, free, 1 cm long, linear, obtuse, 1 mm wide, pale pink to purplish with prominent purple midrib. Stamens numerous 4 mm long, erect, filamentous staminodes 30-40, filaments papillate. Glands 6, dark green, crenulate. Stigmas 6-7, plumose or filiform 1 mm long. Ovary inferior, 6-7 celled; placentas on the outer wall or floor of the cells.
Fruit (capsules): Base broadly obconic to funnel-shaped, the 2 wings merging into the wings of the stalk, convex, raised and rounded a little at the top, with 6-7 valves and cells; valves with their expanding keels diverging from near their base and shorter than the valve, but with broad, membranous, obtuse marginal wings produced nearly or quite to the tip of the valve. Cells roofed with flexible membranous cell-wings, without a  tubercle at the opening.
Booming season: Winter-spring.
Seeds: Numerous in each cell, very small, ovoid, with a nipple at one end.
Chromosome number: 2n = 18

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