Tylosema fassoglense (Kotschy ex Schweinf.) Torre & Hillc.

국표에 없다.

Diagnostic Description

Tylosema esciilentum is the best studied species, but because members of the genus are so similar, many attributes of that species may possibly be applied to T. fassoglense, a species with which it is often confused in southern Africa. In fact, a lumper's approach would be to recognise a single species in the genus, with a number of infraspecific taxa. T. fassoglense has larger leaves (lobes 60-200 mm long), divided apically along the central main vein for one tenth to one third (very rarely for half) of their length and the petiole is relatively long (30-70 mm). Leaves in T. esciilentum tend to be smaller (lobes 30-75 mm long), divided apically along the central main vein for more than half of their length and the petiole is relatively short (15-35 mm). The distribution ranges of the two species are largely mutually exclusive, with T. esciilentum mainly confined to deep Kalahari sand under more arid and temperate climatic conditions. T. fassoglense prefers subtropical and tropical conditions and is found on a wide range of substrates, including rocky and clay soils. Tylosema fassoglense is predominantly associated with open areas in savanna and woodland, less often with grassland. In many parts of its range, plants are regularly subjected to fire during the dry season.

Morphology

Shrub with a large or very large (> 80 kg), woody, perennial tuber from which several annual stems arise; proximal part of stems woody; prostrate and trailing or climbing, up to 6 m long; young parts rusty tomentose or rusty pubescent, indumentum becoming greyish or ± disappearing. Tendrils axillary, forked, 40-80 mm long, lateral branches 10-20 mm long. Leaves alternate, simple, palmately veined with 7-11 main veins; lamina shallowly bilobed apically to about one tenth to one third (very rarely to half) of length of leaf lobes, deeply cordate basally, broadly circular, 60-110(-200) x 50-120(-180) mm, usually rusty pubescent below, sometimes subglabrous or densely tomentose, slightly folded along median main vein, lobes ovate-oval to obovate; petiole 30-70 mm long. Stipules ±2-4 x 2 mm, persistent. Racemes solitary and terminal on sympodial branching, 3-10-flow-ered; peduncle (20-)50-175 mm long; axis (20-)50-230(-400) mm long. Flowers bisexual, irregular, medium to small, yellow. Hypanthium 3-8 mm long, lightly sulcate outside. Sepals 5, upper two completely or partly fused, other three free, 10-15 x 3-4 mm, ± conspicuously keeled along back. Petals 5, yellow, fading to pink; upper one (vexillum) smaller than the rest and bicallose basally, the four larger ones obovate to obovate-suborbicular, crinkled-bullate, 20-40 x 10-30 mm, tapering into basal claw. Stamens 2, fertile, remaining 7 or 8 staminodial, unequal, 3-6 mm long; filaments of fertile stamens 6-10 mm long; anthers dorsifixed. Pistil superior, long-stipitate, glabrous; gynophore 10-15 mm long, adnate to inside of hypanthium; ovary 1-loculed, 5-6 mm long, 2- or 3(4)-ovuled; style elongate, 4-8 mm long; stigma very small, not wider than top of style. Pod woody, dehiscent or (rarely) indehiscent, obovate to oblong-ovate, oval to circular when containing only 1 seed, 50-100 x 30-60 mm, 1 or 2(3)-seeded. Seed large, oblate, seed coat chestnut-brown to black, with a U-shaped line extending for a short distance from hilum, suborbicular or ellipsoid, 15-28 x 10-20 mm, funicle short. Woody climber. Leaf lobes 60-200 mm long, leaves divided apically for a tenth to a third of their length, base deeply cordate, petiole 30-70 mm long. Flowers yellow. Stems prostrate and trailing or climbing up to 6 m or more, herbaceous or woody below; young parts rusty-tomentose or rusty-pubescent, indumentum becoming greyish or ± disappearing. Tenrils forked, 4-8 cm long, the lateral branched 1-2 cm long. Leaves: petiole 3-7 cm long (in our area); blade 6-11(20) cm long, 5-12(18) cm wide usually ± rusty-pubescent beneath especially on nerves, sometimes subglabrous or densely tomentose, shallowly bilobed apically to about one-tenth to one-third(very rarely to half) the length of the leaf from the lobe-ends to junction with petiole, deeply cordate basally; lobes ovate-oval to obovate. Stipules 2-4 mm long, ±2 mm broad. Racemes: peduncle (2)5-17.5 cm long; axis (2)5-23 (40) cm long; pedicels (1.5)2-6 cm long. Hypanthium 3-8 mm long. Sepals 1-1.5 cm long, 3-4 mm wide, ± conspicuously keeled along back, the upper two fused, the other three free. Petals yellow, fading to pink; the four larger ones obovate to obovate-suborbicular, crinkled-bullate, 2-4 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, tapering into a basal claw. Stamens: filaments of fertile stamens 8-10 mm long, of staminodes 3-6 mm long. Ovary 5-6 mm long, pubescent. Pod obovate to oblong-ovate, 5-10 cm long, 3-6 cm wide. Seeds suborbicular or ellipsoid, 1.5-2.8 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, chestnut-brown to blackish.

Tylosema fassoglensis (Kotschy ex Schweinf.) Torre & Hillc. (worldfloraonline.org)

https://youtu.be/_NhH3GCH_JQ?t=2033

https://youtu.be/_NhH3GCH_JQ?t=2033