Rhynchoglossum Blume

국표에 없다.

Type species: Rhynchoglossum obliquum Blume

Species names (incl. publication and synonyms): See Skog, L.E. & J.K. Boggan. 2005: World checklist of Gesneriaceae: http://persoon.si.edu/Gesneriaceae/Checklist.

Distribution: From India and S China to New Guinea, one (to three ?) spp. in C America (Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela).

Ecology: On wet and shady (preferably limestone) rocks, in forest or open, shady places; usually in the lowlands.

Notes: The genus is unmistakable by (a) the alternate-distichous phyllotaxis, (b) the very strongly asymmetrical leaves, (c) the terminal, unilateral-racemose inflorescences and (d) the blue-white flowers with extremely bilabiate corolla. The unique type of inflorescence is derived from an alternicladic thyrse in which the cymes have been reduced to single flowers; with secondary elongation of the inflorescences and increase of flower number. Union of the former genera Klugia (with four stamens) and Rhynchoglossum (with two stamens) proved necessary when Burtt (l.c.) found intermediate species (stamen pairs with large and small and/or sterile anthers). With regard to distribution, the recurrence of the genus in C America is most remarkable. The close relationship with S Indian taxa indicated by molecular data (Mayer & al. 2003), suggest a rather recent introduction. R. obliquum has the largest area of distribution in Asia, ranging from N and S India to New Guinea, and reaching also S China in the north. It is remarkable that the presumedly most primitive species, R. omeiense W.T.Wang and R. lazulinum Rao & Joseph are found in the northern and north-western margin of the distribution area (area of origin of the genus?). The molecular data of Mayer et al. (2003) suggest that Rhynchoglossum is sister to the remaining genera of the Epithematoid Gesneriaceae.

Selected references: Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 24: 167-171 (1962), prov. rev.; Weber, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 99: 1-47 (1978), morph.; Y.Z.Wang, Gao, Liang & Wu, Acta Yunna. 19: 265-270 (1997), fl. morph.; W.T.Wang et al., in Wu & Raven (eds.), Fl. China 18: 399-400 (1998), reg. rev; Hilliard, in Grierson & Long, Fl. Bhutan 2(3): 1327-1328 (2001), reg. rev.;Mayer, Möller, Perret, Weber,  Amer. J. Bot. 90(2): 327-329 (2003), molec. syst.

Bibliography: See Skog, L.E. & J.K. Boggan. 2005. Bibliography of the Gesneriaceae. 2nd edition: http://persoon.si.edu/Gesneriaceae/Bibliography.

 

 

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