덩굴강낭콩-[정명] Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Phaseolus vulgaris, the common bean, is a herbaceous annual plant grown worldwide for its edible dry seeds or green, unripe pods. Its leaf is also occasionally used as a vegetable and the straw as fodder. Its botanical classification, along with other Phaseolus species, is as a member of the legume family, Fabaceae. Like most members of this family, common beans acquire the nitrogen they require through an association with rhizobia, which are nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

The common bean has a long history of cultivation. All wild members of the species have a climbing habit,[4][5] but many cultivars are classified either as bush beans or climbing beans, depending on their style of growth. The other major types of commercially grown beans are the runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) and the broad bean (Vicia faba).

Beans are grown on every continent except Antarctica. In 2022, 28 million tonnes of dry common beans were produced worldwide, led by India with 23% of the total.

Raw dry beans contain the toxic compound phytohaemagglutinin, which can be deactivated by cooking beans for ten minutes at boiling point (100 °C, 212 °F). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration also recommends an initial soak of at least 5 hours in water which should then be discarded.

Description

Bush varieties form erect bushes 20–60 centimetres (8–20 inches) tall, while pole or running varieties form vines 2–3 metres (7–10 feet) long. All varieties bear alternate, green or purple leaves, which are divided into three oval, smooth-edged leaflets, each 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long and 3–11 cm (1–4 in) wide. The white, pink, or purple flowers are about 1 cm long and have 10 stamens. The flowers are self-pollinating, which facilitates the selection of stable cultivars. The flowers give way to pods 8–20 cm (3–8 in) long and 1–1.5 cm wide. These may be green, yellow, black, or purple, each containing 4–8 beans. Some varieties develop a string along the pod; these are generally cultivated for dry beans, as green stringy beans are not commercially desirable. The beans are smooth, plump, kidney-shaped, up to 1.5 cm long, range widely in color and are often mottled in two or more colors. The beans maintain their germination capacity for up to 5 years.

Like most species from Phaseolus, the genome of P. vulgaris has 11 chromosomal pairs (2n = 22). Its genome is one of the smallest in the legume family at 625 Mbp per haploid genome.

Raw or undercooked beans contain a toxic protein called phytohaemagglutinin.

Phaseolus vulgaris - Wikipedia

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