Penstemon secundiflorus Benth.

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Penstemon secundiflorus, commonly known as sidebells penstemon, or orchid beardtoungue is a species of Penstemon that grows in dry forests, high plains, and scrub lands from Wyoming to Mexico. It is a herbaceous perennial plant that typically grows to a height of 20 to 50 cm (8 to 20 in) and has narrow, lance-shaped leaves that are grayish-green in color. The flowers of the sidebells penstemon are tubular in shape and are arranged in a one-sided spike, with the blooms all facing the same direction, and for this reason was named "secundiflorus", which means "one-sided flowers". The flowers are most often delicate shades of orchid or lavender. It is sometimes used in xeriscaping, rock gardens, and wildflower meadows, and is well-suited to dry, sunny locations with well-draining soil.

Description

Penstemon secundiflorus is a long lived mostly herbaceous plant. It usually dies back fully each year, but may retain some leaves over the winter or have a slightly woody above ground stem, called a caudex, that it will re-sprout from in the spring.

The basal leaves vary in shape from lanceolate to spatulate. They are usually 20–80 mm long and 2–25 mm wide, though occasionally they will be as long as 102 mm. The leaves are entirely smooth, free of hairs, and somewhat gray-green in color from the natural waxes that protect the plant from drying out (glaucous). The tips of the leaves are usually rounded point varying from being slightly more or less than a right angle (obtuse to acute), but occasionally will have a sharp point that stands out from the tip (mucronate). The leaf edges are smooth, without any teeth or lobes. The leaves on the flowering stem are arranged in pairs with the lower leaves being very similar to the basal leaves in size, color, and shape, though more lanceolate to egg-shaped. The base of the leaves is tapered and do not have a stalk attaching them to the stem or base of the plant. There will be 4–6 pairs of leaves at the bottom of the flowering stalk with the base of each leaf clasping the stem to having a slight projection of the leaf to each side of the stem (cordate-clasping).

Flowers

Penstemon secundiflorus most often blooms from late May to late June. The smooth flowering stems are between 15 and 50 cm (6 and 20 in) in height and usually stand straight upright, but occasionally with a curve at the base. Plants can have multiple flowering stems or just one. The flowering stem is a thyrse with the flowers closely packed on one side with the length covered by flowers being 6–24 cm, occasionally as much as 31 cm. It may have as few as 2 groups of flowers or as many as 12, but usually has between 3 and 10. Within each group there will be two to seven flowers. The bracts near the flowers resemble the leaves, but are ovate 9–70 mm in length and 2–26 mm in width. Each flower is supported by an individual short stem (a peduncle or pedicels) with a smooth texture, like the rest of the stems and leaves.

The flowers have five ovate lobes, two above and three below and a fused funnel shaped flower. The petals and tube of the flower are pastel shades of violet or lavender, sometimes more blue, and rarely pink. The outside of the flower is smooth like the rest of the plant, but the inside of flower will sometimes have sparse to dense fine, short, white hairs. As a whole the flower will be 15–25 mm long and a tube width of 8–11 mm and an internal diameter of 4–7 mm. The stamens are most often kept within the tube of the flower, but the longer pair my reach the mouth of the flower tube. The pollen sacs on the stamens are 1–1.4 mm in size with a raised area around the opening slit. The staminode, or fuzzy tongue, of the flower is 10–13 mm long and may reach the opening of the flower. It has an abruptly recurved tip, divided into two branches, and the dense hairs covering its end are golden yellow and 2 mm long.

The seed capsules are typical of penstemon, four lobed capsules shaped like a teardrop 9–15 mm in length and 7–9 mm in width.

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