Cereus giganteus Engelm.

국표에 없다.

Origin and Habitat: Primarily in Arizona and in southern California just west of the Colorado River, south into Sonora, Mexico.
Altitude: From nearly sea level to approximately 1350 metres above sea level
Habitat: Sonoran Desert, where in the range is limited by freezing temperatures in winter. They are generally found growing on dry rocky slopes, upper bajadas, and well drained flats. Dense stands some-times grow on sandy flats (as near Los Vidrios, Sonora). Saguaros growing higher than 1100 m are usually found on south-facing slopes where freezing temperatures are less likely to occur, or are shorter in duration. Like many Sonoran Desert cacti, Carnegiea depends largely on warm-season rain, and west of the Colorado River, the amount of summer rain drops too low for survival. Because the mature plants use little if any soil moisture when temperatures are low, the increased winter rainfall to the west does not compensate for the dry summers.
Ecology: Bats visit the flowers at night and bees, other insects, and birds visit them during the day. Seeds are shed near the start of the summer rainy period. Dispersal agents include coyotes, peccaries, and doves. As with other large cacti, saguaros characteristically begin life beneath desert shrubs and trees, especially legumes such as Desert Ironwood (Olneya tesota) and Blue Palo Verde (Parkinsonia florida) which serve as nurse plants. However, in dryer areas the usual nurse plants are absent and saguaros begin life beneath white bursage (Ambrosia Mimosa), grasses, and even desert club-cholla (Opuntia kunzeiSN|19920]]SN|9882]]). The same ares support many endemic succulents and xerophyte plants such as Ferocactus emoryiSN|10113]]SN|21495]], Ferocactus acanthodesSN|21495]]SN|10113]], Stenocereus thurberiSN|8265]]SN|8265]], Lophocereus schottiiSN|8344]]SN|8344]], Opuntia fulgidaSN|7631]]SN|11024]], Opuntia leptocaulisSN|10936]]SN|10936]], Opuntia acanthocarpaSN|11024]]SN|7631]], Opuntia engelmanniiSN|9882]]SN|19920]], Echinocactus polycephalusSN|940]]SN|940]], Echinocereus engelmannii, Fouquieria macdougaliiSN|11333]]SN|11333]], Fouqueria splendens, Prosopis velutina and Larrea tridentata.

Common Names include:
ENGLISH: Monument of the desert, Sage of the Desert, Giant Cactus, Saguaro
BASQUE (Euskara): Saguaro
BULGARIAN (Български): Сагуаро
CATALAN (Català): Saguaro
CHINESE (中文): 巨人柱
CZECH (Čeština): Saguaro
DANISH (Dansk): Saguaro, Kæmpekaktus
DUTCH (Nederlands): Saguaro, Saguaro cactus
ESPERANT (Esperanto): Kandelabra kakto, Giganta kakto, Saguaro
FINNISH (Suomi): Saguarokaktus, Jättikaktus
FRENCH (Français): Saguaro
GERMAN (Deutsch): Sahuaro, Saguaro
GUJARATI (ગુજરાતી): સાગુઆરો, સાગુઆરો થોર
HUNGARIAN (Magyar): Saguaro, Kandeláberkaktusz
ITALIAN (Italiano): Saguaro, Cactus a candelabro, Cactus gigante
JAVANESE (Basa Jawa): Saguaro
KAZAKH (Qazaqşa / قازاقشا / Қазақша): Сагуаро, Сагуаро кактус
LITHUANIAN (Lietuvių): Didžioji karnegija, Saguaro
MARI (Кырык Мары / олык марий ): Сагуаро
NAVAJO (Diné Bizaad): Hosh aditsahiitsoh
PERSIAN (فارسی): ساگوارو
POLISH ( Polski): Karnegia olbrzymia
PORTUGUESE (Português): Saguaro
RUSSIAN (Русский): Сагуаро, Карнегия гигантская
SERBIAN (Српски / Srpski): Сагуаро кактусSLOVENIAN (Slovenščina): Saguaro
SPANISH (Español): Cactus Candelabro, Sahuaro, Sahuario, Saguaro
SWEDISH (Svenska): Saguarokaktus
UDMURT (Удмурт): Сагуаро
VIETNAMESE (Tiếng Việt): Xương rồng Saguaro

 

Description: The giant saguaro, Carnegiea giganteaSN|6374]]SN|6374]] (Occasionally misspelled "Carnegia"), long popular because of its immense size and unique architecture is, perhaps, the more famous of all cacti. It is the most well-known of a group of spectacular columnar cacti from the Sonoran Desert that includes the cardons (Pachycereus pringleiSN|8572]]SN|8572]]), the organ-pipe cactus (Stenocereus thurberiSN|8265]]SN|8265]]) and senita (Lophocereus schottiiSN|8344]]SN|8344]]).
Root: Has a shallow root system with small roots radiating out the height of the cactus and the some. No taproot.
Habit. It is a large, treelike, columnar, perennial succulent that has one or more founded arms from a single, thick trunk. It usually attains the height of about 9 metres, but exceptionally it can tower as high as 16 metres and weighing more than 10 tons, dwarfing every other living thing in the desert. The morphological behaviour of Carnegiea giganteaSN|6374]]SN|6374]] is also quite remarkable. It shows a marked dimorphism. In its juvenile (or sterile) stage it forms a green, cylindrical solitary columnar stem up to 3 metres tall, mostly with 11-15 stem ribs. The areoles are separate, spaced about 2-3 cm apart on the ribs, with 15-30, stout, rigid spines, grey to blackish, diverging, straight the longer central of which (3,5-) 5,5-11 cm long and (0,8) 1,1-2,3 mm in diameter, these areoles not producing flowers. In mature (Adult or fertile) stage it start branching forming stems with shallow, blunt ribs often 19-25. Areoles closely set with flexible, bristly spines 2,2-3 cm long and 0,3-0,4 mm, producing flowers. First branches usually arising in the region of transition between the juvenile and mature part, the branches fertile. The flowers and fruits are found only on the adult bristly branches, high enough to escape the grazing of herbivores.
Stem (trunk): Columnar, green, 30-75 cm in diameter, unbranched, erect, and straight with (on older plants) one to several branches originating 2-3 m above the base. Stem tissue turning black when cut or injured. The vertical ribs enable Carnegiea stems to expand as moisture is absorbed and to contract as it is used.
Flowers: White and showy 8,5-12,5 cm long, 5-6 cm in across, opening in late afternoon and remaining open until the midday or later of the following day depending on temperature, then closing permanently, funnelform to bell-shaped, with creamy white petals around a dense group of yellow stamens. Pericarpel and floral tube 6-10 cm long, covered with many distinct scales, extending down and clasping, and felted areoles. Though normally found at the end of the main trunk and arms just below the stem tips, flowers may also occur down the sides of the plant. First buds emerging on south or south-west side of the stems. Flowers will continue to be produced throughout a saguaro's lifetime. A stem might produce more than 100 flowers at a time! The saguaro has more stamens per flower than any other cactus flower. To set fruit, flowers must receive pollen from another plant or from flowers on another arm of the same plant
Fruits: Egg shaped, with scales, spine-less (or occasionally with a few bristly spines), 5-7,5(-10) cm long, 2,5–4,4 cm in diameter, fleshy, green, red or purple at maturity, dehiscent and splitting open, along three or four vertical lines, exposing the bright red interior, the pulp juicy, bright red, sweet, and edible.
Phenology: Flowers appear from late April to early June. Fruits ripen from late May until mid July while stems grow mostly during rainy periods in July, August, and September.
Seeds: Obovoid, 1,8-2,1 mm long, dark red-brown to blackish, shiny, nearly smooth, and edible.
Chromosome number n = 11.
Remarks: Saguaro and cardon (Pachyrereus pringlei), the two largest cacti in the Sonoran Desert, often occur together in western Sonora. Saguaros generally initiate branches higher off the ground and the mature stems are green rather than glaucous. Pachyrereus pringlei is a stouter, more massive plant that branches closer to the ground and has fewer (10-15) vertical ribs. The young plants, however, may be difficult to distinguish.

https://youtu.be/EMiH5kE1-kk?t=36