Croton glandulosus L.

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Croton glandulosus is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae that has many common names such as vente conmigo, tooth-leaved croton, tropic croton and sand croton. The species's specific epithet, glandulosus, is due to the gland-like structures that appear at the end of the leaf stalk. C. glandulosus and various other species are found to be common weeds in gardens, crops, and lawns. This species in particular is highly problematic in crops such as cotton and peanuts in the Southeastern United States.

Morphology

C. glandulosus is a weedy summer annual herbaceous plant, growing from 4 to 24 inches in height. It is characterized by a pungently fragrant tap root from which its stem grows, and also by stellate hairs and glands on its stem and leaves. The leaves are alternate and oval-shaped when young, but as they mature, they become more lance-shaped and elliptical. The edges of the leaves are serrated or toothed, which makes this species easy to identify. The leaves are located on small petioles, and have a white, oval-like gland on either side of the petiole as the it meets the stem. The leaves of the plant are whorled and they occur below the flowers. The greater and lesser surface of the leaf has small stellate hairs, and when the leaf is crushed, it gives off a unique odor.

Typically, the flowering season for the tropic croton is from July to October. It has white terminal flowers which are 4 or 5-parted, monoecious, and occur in racemose clusters at the ends of the plant's stems. Female flowers tend to have 4 sepals with 4 petals while males only have 5 sepals and no petals. The plant fruits from August to October and the fruit has a brown capsule of three chambers, having three seeds that are shiny, grayish-tan, stippled with black, and oval-shaped.

The seedling stems underneath the cotyledons, which are mostly cased with hairs that give off a star-shaped look. The cotyledons tend to be 5 to 7 mm long by 7 to 10 mm wide, dense, heart-shaped, and have palmate venation. Additionally, the first true leaves that emerge are toothed and egg-shaped.

Look-alikes

Tropic croton can easily be confused with Eclipta prostrata because of its similar appearance and structure. However, the leaves of Eclipta prostrata are more linear and arranged oppositely, whereas the leaves on the tropic croton are arranged alternately. The tropic croton can also be confused with Sida spinosa in terms of its growth patterns and appearance, but Sida spinosa lacks the disc-like glands that appear above and below the petiole, and the stellate pubescent hairs that are characteristic of tropic crotons. The seeds and flowers of Sida spinosa are also very different from the tropic croton due to the plants being in different families.

Croton glandulosus - Wikipedia

Croton glandulosus (Vente Conmigo): Minnesota Wildflowers

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