엘라이이스 귀네엔시스-Elaeis guineensis Jacq.

과명	Arecaceae (야자나무과)	속명	Elaeis (엘라이이스속)
전체학명	[정명] Elaeis guineensis Jacq.	추천명	엘라이이스 귀네엔시스
이명		외국명	PalmAfrican oil; Macaw fat

학명변경: 속명변경 Elaeism guineensis Jacq. -> Elaeis guineensis Jacq. 추천명변경: 귀네엔시스엘래이스 -> 엘라이이스 귀네엔시스

Elaeis guineensis is a species of palm commonly just called oil palm but also sometimes African oil palm or macaw-fat. It is the principal source of palm oil. It is native to west and southwest Africa, specifically the area between Angola and The Gambia; the species name, guineensis, refers to the name for the area called Guinea, and not the modern country Guinea now bearing that name. The species is also now naturalised in Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia, Central America, Cambodia, the West Indies, and several islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The closely related American oil palm E. oleifera and a more distantly related palm, Attalea maripa, are also used to produce palm oil.

E. guineensis was domesticated in West Africa along the south-facing Atlantic coast. There is insufficient documentation and as of 2019 insufficient research to make any guesses as to when this occurred. Human use of oil palms may date as far back as 5,000 years in Egypt; in the late 1800s, archaeologists discovered palm oil in a tomb at Abydos, Egypt dating back to 3000 BCE.

The first Western person to describe it and bring back seeds was the French naturalist Michel Adanson.

Oil palms can produce much more oil per unit of land area than most other oil-producing plants (about nine times more than soy and 4.5 times more than rapeseed).

Description

E. guineensis is monocotyledonous. Mature palms are single-stemmed and grow to 20 meters (66 ft) tall. The leaves are pinnate and reach 3–5 meters (9.8–16.4 ft) long. A young palm produces about 30 leaves a year. Established palms over 10 years produce about 20 leaves a year. The flowers are produced in dense clusters; each individual flower is small, with three sepals and three petals.

The palm fruit takes 5–6 months to develop from pollination to maturity. It is reddish, about the size of a large plum, and grows in large bunches. Each fruit is made up of an oily, fleshy outer layer (the pericarp), with a single seed (the palm kernel), also rich in oil. When ripe, each bunch of fruit weighs between 5 and 30 kg (11 and 66 lb) depending on the age of the palm tree.

Ölpalme. A Habitusbild der ganzen Pflanze, B Männlicher Blütenstand. C Einzelzweig des männlichen Blütenstandes. D Teil eines weiblichen Blütenstandes. E Fruchtstand. 1 Knospe; 2 männliche Blüte; 3 dieselbe im Längsschnitt; 4 Staminaltubus; 5 weibliche Blüte; 6 dieselbe im Längsschnitt; 7 Fruchtknoten im Querschnitt; 8 Frucht; 9 dieselbe, nachdem die obere Hälfte des Fruchtfleisches entfernt ist; 10 Steinkern im Querschnitt; 11 derselbe im Längsschnitt; 12 ein zweisamiger Steinkern im Querschnitt; 13 Same; 14 derselbe im Querschnitt; 15 derselbe im Längsschnitt.

Elaeis guineensis - Wikipedia

https://youtu.be/tP2Ylo1cgp4

https://youtu.be/xMn32VwT-og

https://youtu.be/jsEkgvrLzEI

https://youtu.be/rMyV6Fy6h0w