삼화뱀무-Geum triflorum Pursh

과명	Rosaceae (장미과)	속명	Geum (뱀무속)
전체학명	[정명] Geum triflorum Pursh	추천명	삼화뱀무
이명		외국명	Purple avens; Lion's-beard; Old man's whiskers; Grandfather's-Beard; Prairie smoke

추천명변경: 트리플로룸뱀무 -> 삼화뱀무

Geum triflorum, commonly known as prairie smoke, old man’s whiskers, torchflower, three-sisters, long-plumed purple avens, lion's beard, or three-flowered avens, is a spring-blooming perennial herbaceous plant of the Rosaceae family. It is a hemiboreal continental climate species that is widespread in colder and drier environments of western North America, although it does occur in isolated populations as far east as New York and Ontario. It is particularly known for the long feathery plumes on the seed heads that have inspired many of the regional common names and aid in wind dispersal of its seeds.

 

Leaves of G. triflorum showing distinct rosette

Geum triflorum is a perennial herb with short, spreading rhizomes, which form colonies of stemless rosettes. The roots are fiberous and have a sassafras-like flavor. The leaves grow from a caudex and are 4–30 cm long. They are divided into leaflets with deep divisions that makes the leaves resemble the leaves of a fern. The leaflets are arranged pinnately along a common leaf stem with smaller leaflets mixed in with 7–18 larger ones and single larger leaflet at the end of the leaf. The leaves are covered with extremely small downy hairs.

Early in the spring, the leaves often lay flat to the ground and are in poor condition, but they soon become more upright in response to the warmer days and lack of snow cover. In the heat of a dry summer, the leaves also will lay down closer to the earth. The plants resume growth in the fall as other plants are starting to go dormant, developing a mound of deep grey-green leaves. The leaves are evergreen in areas without severe cold or there is protective snow cover, though they often turn purple, orange, or reddish.

The flowers of G. triflorum appear from mid-spring to early summer. The flowering stalks stand well above the leaves on red-purple-maroon stems 10–45 cm in height. The flowering stem is almost bare with a few very small leaves called bractlets on the main stem and where the arching flower stalks (pedicels) attach to the main stem. Each flower hangs upside down by itself from a separate pedicle. There are usually three flowers on each flower stalk, but sometimes one, five, or even seven per stalk. The sepals are strongly closed and pink to maroon in color, covered in fine downy hairs, with five narrow pointed bracts radiating outward toward the base of the flower. The flowers contain five 7–13 mm long elliptical petals mostly to entirely hidden under the sepals. They are most often a light yellow to cream, but sometimes have a blush of pink or purple; they have purple veins.

 

Seed head of G. triflorum var. ciliatum showing the elongated feathery styles

When pollination is completed, the flower heads turn upright and the sepals begin to open. The petals may be visible at this stage. The many styles grow longer, eventually becoming 15–70 mm in length. The styles are densely covered in fine hairs making them resemble downy bird feathers or wisps of mauve smoke. The seed heads start out pale pink and fade to tan or grey as the seeds mature in mid-summer. The seeds do not appear to need cold stratification, as germination did not change significantly when tested.

Geum triflorum - Wikipedia

https://youtu.be/uVqjF8gzlEg