Hesperocallis undulata A.Gray

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Hesperocallis is a genus of flowering plants that includes a single species, Hesperocallis undulata, the desert lily, found in the desert areas of the southwest of North America. Hesperocallis has traditionally been classified in Liliaceae but until recently its relationships have been unclear. Other classifications have included it in Hemerocallidaceae or Funkiaceae. In 1972, Hamilton Traub created the family Hesperocallidaceae with Hesperocallis as the sole included genus. The APG II system includes it in the family Asparagaceae in the order Asparagales in the monocots clade but allows for the optional segregation of Hesperocallidaceae as a monophyletic family when several other families are likewise segregated. Recent molecular systematic studies have confirmed a close relationship with Agave and its inclusion in family Agavaceae has been recommended (Pires et al. 2004).

Desert Lily, Hesperocallis undulata (calscape.org)

Scientific Name origin: The genus name Hesperocallis is from the Greek hesperos, "west," and kallos, "beauty," and means "western beauty" (Charters 2009). The species was named and described by Asa Gray in the year 1867, published in Proc. Amer. Acad. of Nat. Sciences, Vol. vii, pp. 391, Boston, MA 1865-1868. Gray chose that name because he thought this species was related to Hemerocallis, the common day lily that is native to the Eastern Hemisphere (it is not related; see below). The name suggests that affinity, along with the far western, instead of eastern habitat (Gray 1867, quoted in Pires 2004). The specific epithet undulata means wavy-margined, referring to the usual wavy margins of the leaves (Charters 2009).

Common Name origin: No common name was given in the original 1867 paper describing the species, and we have not yet researched the first use of this name. In addition to "Desert lily", the early Spanish colonists called the bulbs "ajo", which is Spanish for "garlic", from the flavor of the bulb.

Discovery locality: The specimens mentioned by Gray were collected at "Desert Plains at Jessup Rapids, Arizona or New Mexico" by Newberry, and "Gravelly plains at Fort Mohave" by J.G. Cooper in 1860 or 1861, designed as a lectotype in 1994. Since desert lily does not grow in New Mexico, Jessup Rapids must have been in Arizona. The earliest collection was made by Fremont's Second expedition in April 24-25, 1844 from "sandy and gravelly uplands of the Mohave River"; see image of that collection.

The first vouchers from the Anza-Borrego Desert were from "Mt. Springs" by Sanford in 1892 and from Palm Creek on 18 April 1895 (presumably from Borrego Palm Creek; the voucher is georeferenced up the Canyon, but the voucher had to have been taken where it lives below the mouth of the Canyon).

Life Form: Geophyte, from an underground tunicate bulb, a few inches below the surface for seedling plants to over 12 inches below the surface for mature plants. Some reports are of bulbs 24 inches deep. The bulb consists of concentric scales with a paper-like covering (the tunic), like an onion bulb. See a bulb split in half. Native Americans used the bulb for food.

Only 8% of California geophytes are typical desert taxa (Rundel 1996).

Hesperocallis undulata, Desert Lily, Fact Sheet (tchester.org)

https://youtu.be/5hZjHS2SDLE