Felicia sp.

국표에는 Felicia 속이 없다.

Felicia is a genus of small shrubs, perennial or annual herbaceous plants, with 85 known species, that is assigned to the daisy family (Compositae or Asteraceae). Like in almost all Asteraceae, the individual flowers are 5-merous, small and clustered in typical heads, and which are surrounded by an involucre of, in this case between two and four whorls of, bracts. In Felicia, the centre of the head is taken by yellow, seldom whitish or blackish blue disc florets, and is almost always surrounded by one single whorl of mostly purple, sometimes blue, pink, white or yellow ligulate florets and rarely ligulate florets are absent. These florets sit on a common base (or receptacle) and are not individually subtended by a bract (or palea). Most species occur in the Cape Floristic Region, which is most probably the area where the genus originates and had most of its development. Some species can be found in the eastern half of Africa up to Sudan and the south-western Arabian peninsula, while on the west coast species can be found from the Cape to Angola and one species having outposts on the Cameroon-Nigeria border and central Nigeria. Some species of Felicia are cultivated as ornamentals and several hybrids have been developed for that purpose.

The base number of chromosomes of the earliest common ancestor of Felicia is probably nine, with most species diploid (2n=18), but some taxa in the section Felicia are tetraploid (4n=36), such as F. clavipilosa subsp. transvaalensis, F. fascicularis, and F. uliginosa. Divergent base chromosome numbers occur in the derived section Neodetris, with eight (2n=16) in F. amoena and F. elongata, six (2n=12) in F. minima and five (2n=10) in F. heterophylla, F. merxmuelleri and F. namaquana.

About 60% of the species currently assigned to Felicia are shrubs, 15–60 cm (5.9–23.6 in) high, very rarely up to 2 m (6.6 ft), most of which belong to the sections Lignofelicia, Anhebecarpaea and Felicia. Hardly 20% are herbaceous perennials, which are often in the sections Dracontium and Neodetris. Another 20% consists of annuals, many of which are assigned to the section Neodetris, while Longistylis is entirely made up of annual species. All the woody and most herbaceous species are well-branched and bear many flowerheads, while the section Dracontium is rich in species with a leaf rosette and stems topped by a single head. Stressed specimens of annual Felicia species can sometimes have only one flower head per plant. Two related species in the section Neodetris growing on vertical rock faces have a pendulous habit: F. petiolata and F. flanaganii.

Vegetative reproduction is rare, but rhizomes occur in F. tenella, F. wrightii, F. amoena and more or less in F. uliginosa. A special type of vegetative reproduction can be found in F. fascicularis that has branches, which produce roots when in contact with soil. Several species develop short and long shoots, the combination of which creates a particular, well-recognisable habit in many species belonging to the sections Lignofelicia and Felicia. All types of unbranched hairs may be found within the genus, including glandular hairs. Felicia has resin ducts.

Subdivision

The genus Felicia is divided into six groups called sections. These are Anhebecarpaea, Dracontium, Felicia, Lignofelicia, Longistylis and Neodetris. F. douglasii could not yet be assigned to any section.

The following taxa are assigned to the respective sections.

• Anhebecarpaea: F. echinata (type), F. nordenstamii, F. westae.
• Dracontium: F. rosulata (type), F. wrightii, F. quinquenervia, F. monocephala.
• Felicia: F. tenella (type), F. abyssinica, F. australis, F. bechuanica, F. cana, F. caespitosa, F. clavipilosa, F. comptonii, F. drakensbergensis, F. dentata, F. deserti, F. erigeroides, F. fascicularis, F. ferulacea, F. hirta, F. hirsuta, F. hyssopifolia, F. linearis, F. microcephala, F. microsperma, F. mossamedensis, F. muricata, F. nigrescens, F. ovata, F. serrata, F. uliginosa, F. venusta, F. zeyheri.
• Lignofelicia: F. fruticosa (type), F. brevifolia, F. burkei, F. canaliculata, F. dregei, F. esterhuyseniae, F. filifolia, F. gunillae, F. lasiocarpa, F. macrorrhiza, F. odorata, F. oleosa, F. rogersii, F. scabrida, F. whitehillensis.
• Longistylus: F. welwitschii (type), F. alba, F. anthemidodes, F. boehmii, F. grantii, F. smaragdina.
• Neodetris: F. amelloides (type), F. aculeata, F. aethiopica, F. amoena, F. annectens, F. bellidioides, F. bergeriana, F. cymbalariae, F. cymbalarioides, F. denticulata, F. diffusa, F. dubia, F. ebracteata, F. elongata, F. flanaganii, F. flava, F. heterophylla, F. hispida, F. josephinae, F. joubertinae, F. linifolia, F. martinsiana, F. merxmuelleri, F. minima, F. namaquana, F. petiolata, F. puberula, F. stenophylla, F. tenera, F. tsitsikame.

Phylogeny

According to recent DNA-analysis, Felicia belongs to the tribe Asterinae. It is probably polyphyletic.

Felicia (plant) - Wikipedia

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