Arctostaphylos sp.

국표에 없다.

Arctostaphylos (/ˌɑːrktoʊˈstæfɪləs, -lɒs/; from ἄρκτος árktos "bear" and σταφυλή staphulḗ "bunch of grapes") is a genus of plants comprising the manzanitas (/ˌmænzəˈniːtəz/[3][4]) and bearberries. They are shrubs or small trees.

There are about 60 species, of Arctostaphylos, ranging from ground-hugging arctic, coastal, and mountain species to small trees up to 6 m tall. Most are evergreen (one species deciduous), with small oval leaves 1–7 cm long, arranged spirally on the stems. The flowers are bell-shaped, white or pale pink, and borne in small clusters of 2–20 together; flowering is in the spring. The fruit are small berries, ripening in the summer or autumn. The berries of some species are edible.

Arctostaphylos species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Coleophora arctostaphyli (which feeds exclusively on A. uva-ursi) and Coleophora glaucella.

Distribution

Manzanitas, the bulk of Arctostaphylos species, are present in the chaparral biome of western North America, where they occur from southern British Columbia in Canada, Washington to California and New Mexico in the United States, and throughout much of northern and central Mexico.

Three species, the bearberries, A. alpina (alpine bearberry), A. rubra (red bearberry) and A. uva-ursi (common bearberry), have adapted to arctic and subarctic climates, and have a circumpolar distribution in northern North America, Asia and Europe.

An unusual association of manzanita occurs on Hood Mountain, in Sonoma County, California, where stands of pygmy forest dominated by Mendocino cypress are found.

The following species are recognised in the genus Arctostaphylos:

• Arctostaphylos acutifolia Eastw.Arctostaphylos andersonii A.Gray Arctostaphylos auriculata Eastw.Arctostaphylos australis Eastw.Arctostaphylos bakeri Eastw.Arctostaphylos bolensis P.V.Wells Arctostaphylos canescens Eastw.
• Arctostaphylos catalinae P.V.Wells Arctostaphylos caucasica Lipsch.Arctostaphylos columbiana Piper
• Arctostaphylos confertiflora Eastw.Arctostaphylos cratericola (Donn.Sm.) Donn.Sm.Arctostaphylos crustacea Eastw.
• Arctostaphylos cruzensis Roof Arctostaphylos densiflora M.S.Baker Arctostaphylos edmundsii J.T.Howell
• Arctostaphylos franciscana Eastw.Arctostaphylos gabilanensis V.T.Parker & M.C.Vasey Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw.Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl.Arctostaphylos glutinosa B.Schreib.Arctostaphylos × helleri Eastw.
• Arctostaphylos hispidula Howell Arctostaphylos hookeri G.Don Arctostaphylos hooveri P.V.Wells
• Arctostaphylos imbricata Eastw.Arctostaphylos incognita J.E.Keeley, Massihi, J.Delgad. & Hirales
• Arctostaphylos insularis Greene & Parry Arctostaphylos × jepsonii Eastw.Arctostaphylos klamathensis S.W.Edwards, Keeler-Wolf & W.Knight Arctostaphylos × laxiflora A.Heller ex Eastw.Arctostaphylos luciana P.V.Wells
• Arctostaphylos malloryi (W.Knight & Gankin) P.V.Wells Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry Arctostaphylos × media Greene Arctostaphylos mewukka Merriam Arctostaphylos montana Eastw.Arctostaphylos montaraensis Roof
• Arctostaphylos montereyensis Hoover Arctostaphylos moranii P.V.Wells Arctostaphylos morroensis Wiesl. & B.Schreib.Arctostaphylos myrtifolia Parry Arctostaphylos nevadensis A.Gray Arctostaphylos nissenana Merriam
• Arctostaphylos nortensis (P.V.Wells) P.V.Wells Arctostaphylos nummularia A.Gray Arctostaphylos obispoensis Eastw.
• Arctostaphylos ohloneana M.C.Vasey & V.T.Parker Arctostaphylos osoensis P.V.Wells Arctostaphylos otayensis Wiesl. & B.Schreib.Arctostaphylos pacifica Roof Arctostaphylos pajaroensis J.E.Adams Arctostaphylos pallida Eastw.Arctostaphylos parryana Lemmon Arctostaphylos × parvifolia Howell Arctostaphylos patula Greene
• Arctostaphylos pechoensis (Abrams) Dudley ex Abrams Arctostaphylos peninsularis P.V.Wells Arctostaphylos pilosula Jeps. & Wiesl. Arctostaphylos pringlei Parry Arctostaphylos pumila Nutt. Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth
• Arctostaphylos purissima P.V.Wells Arctostaphylos rainbowensis J.E.Keeley & Massihi Arctostaphylos refugioensis Gankin Arctostaphylos regismontana Eastw.Arctostaphylos × repens (Howell) P.V.Wells
• Arctostaphylos rudis Jeps. & Wiesl.Arctostaphylos sensitiva Jeps.Arctostaphylos silvicola Jeps. & Wiesl.
• Arctostaphylos stanfordiana Parry Arctostaphylos × strigosa Howell Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Lindl.
• Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.Arctostaphylos virgata Eastw.Arctostaphylos viridissima (Eastw.) McMinn
• Arctostaphylos viscida Parry Arctostaphylos wellsii W.Knight

See also the closely related genus Comarostaphylis, previously often included in Arctostaphylos.

Arctostaphylos - Wikipedia

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