Copiapoa humilis (Phil.) Hutchison

국표에 없다.

Origin and Habitat: north of Paposo, towards Blanco Encalada south along the coast to Barquito just south of Chanaral (in the regions of Atacama and Antofagasta) Chile. Copiapoa humilis has a relatively wide range , but it is severely fragmented (extent of occurrence 24,000 km2).
Type locality: Paposo, Antofagasta, Chile.
Altitude: 0-1200 m above sea level.
Habitat: It grows in patches and in crevices in the coastal deserts on the steep mountain base among fragmented stones. The long tuberous root of this copiapoa is buried deeply in these soils which are very poor in organic matter. In the area where this plants grow there is very little rain but frequent coastal fog, which provides a significant part of their water needs. The common presence in habitat of plants with juvenile spination forms on old taproots is due to the frequent grazing damage inflicted by donkeys. Overall the population seems to be stable, the major threats are mining activity within its area of distribution, illegal collection, and to a lesser extent road construction. Goat grazing used to be a threat but this activity is decreasing in the area. The population south of Copiapó is affected by drought.

Common Names include:
SPANISH (Español): Humildito
SWEDISH (Svenska): Liten randkaktus

Description: Copiapoa humilis is a very small, low growing cactus with roots like turnips, sometime solitary but usually clumping at the base. It's a highly variable taxon with several more or less similar forms that could be described as local varieties. Taylor suggests that this is a very complex species or species aggregate, perhaps representing geographical varieties or, in some cases, critical species, listed here in sequence from north to south: Copiapoa tocopillana, Copiapoa tenuissima, Copiapoa variispinata, Copiapoa paposoensis, Copiapoa taltalensis, Copiapoa longispina and possibly Copiapoa chaniaralensis and Copiapoa esmeraldana. In considering Copiapoa humilis species, we need to bear in mind the remarkable differences between young plants, with short, thin spination and the darker coloration of the body compared to the more robust adults with longer and sturdy, flexible spines.
Stem: Subglobular, depressed, somewhat soft, producing copious wool in the apex. 2,5-9 cm broad by 2-6 cm high pale olive-green to tan. Juvenile stems are darker purple-red to almost black.
Ribs: About 8-14 slightly spiralling forming distinct elevated tubercles.
Areoles: Well separated, with white wool.
Root: Large tap-root, connected to the stem by long slender neck. Seedlings naturally produce the huge tap root, starting from germination, i.e. before the plant stem becomes mature.
Spines: 10-14 greyish-white to yellowish (in youth) to black (adults).
Radial spines: About 7-13, thin, needle-like, setaceous, open wide on sides, marginal, somewhat bent, 2-25 mm long.
Central spine: 1 to 4, sometime absent on juvenile specimen, fairly slender, erect, straight or curved 10-35 mm long.
Flowers: At the apex, 2-4 cm long, corolla sulphur yellow, strongly scented. In cultivation Copiapoa humilis are able to flower from immature stems at an early age (about 2 years from germination) and set viable seed. Ovary always glabrous, with smaller scales inserted only above the peripheral ring.
Fruits: Round, naked, bright red, up to 8 mm long.
Seeds: Black.

Copiapoa humilis (llifle.com)

https://youtu.be/hPRQRhVouq4

https://youtu.be/nO-u7NOeVdo?list=PLK8bda0Bqux1qKZYbTn6VbdSbX7E1MXfI