Morella caroliniensis-Myrica caroliniensis

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Myrica pennsylvanica redirects here; not to be confused with Myrica pensylvanica

Myrica caroliniensisScientific classification

Myrica caroliniensis is a shrub or small tree native to the coast and coastal plains of southeastern North America. Its common names include bayberry, southern bayberry, pocosin bayberry, and evergreen bayberry. It sees uses in the garden and for candlemaking, as well as a medicinal plant.

Myrica caroliniensis is a shrub or small tree adapted to a range of environments from dunes to pocosins, mostly associated with wetlands.

In nature, it ranges from Texas to Maryland on the U.S. east coast. It is difficult to distinguish from M. pensylvanica which occurs north to Canada.

Myrica caroliniensis is evergreen or tardily deciduous, forming rhizomatous colonies . The glandular leaves are long with a leathery texture and serrated edges. The plant is dioecious, with male and female flowers borne on separate plants. Male flowers have three to five stamens surrounded by short bracts. Female flowers develop into globular drupes surrounded by a waxy coating. The species flowers from spring to early summer, and bears fruit in late summer or fall.

Bayberry is an actinorhizal plant: its roots feature nitrogen fixing nodules formed in symbiosis with the nitrogen fixing actinobacterium Frankia. Thus it is tolerant of nitrogen-poor, acidic soils such as wetlands and dunes.

The fruit is a source of food for many bird species, including the northern bobwhite quail and the wild turkey. In winter, the seeds are important foods for the Carolina wren and species of tree sparrow. To a point, M. caroliniensis will also provide habitat for the northern bobwhite quail. Birds' digestive systems remove the wax from the fruit, a prerequisite for germination.

Myrica caroliniensis - Wikipedia

Synonyms

• Myrica caroliniensis P. Mill.

Small bayberry's waxy leaves are aromatic when crushed. Its waxy yellow-green fruits occur all along the stem, interspersed among the leaves. Look for this common shrub along shores and dunes. The fruits are attractive to birds, and their waxy coatings have been used traditionally to make candles.

Morella caroliniensis (small bayberry): Go Botany (nativeplanttrust.org)

 

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