Leucospermum oleifolium R.Br.

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Leucospermum oleifolium is an erect shrub of about 1 m (3.3 ft) high and 1½ m (5 ft) across that is assigned to the family Proteaceae. It has spreading branches, densely set with initially felty, entire, oval, olive-colored leaves of about 3½ cm (1½ in) long and 1½ cm (0.6 in) wide, with a bony tip that sometimes has two to five blunt teeth, with a blunt base and conspicuous veins. The flowers and their long thread-like styles are initially sulfur yellow, but soon become orange and finally turn brilliant crimson. The flower heads are about 4 cm (1.6 in) in diameter, crowded at the tip of the branches with a maximum of five that start flowering in turn. This provides for a colour spectacle from August till December. It is called by various names in South Africa such as Overberg pincushion, flame pincushion, mix pincushion and tuft pincushion. It naturally occurs in fynbos in the Western Cape province of South Africa.

 

Leucospermum oleifolium is an erect, usually compact and rigid shrub of about 1 m (3.3 ft) high and 1½ m (5 ft) across with a single stem at its base, and branches bending upwards. Stems that are ready to flower are 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) in diameter, softly hairy when young, but later losing these fine hairs. The leaves have no stalks or bracts at their base, are initially softly hairy but losing its indumentum when aging, 4–6 cm (1.6–2.4 in) long and 8–25 mm (0.31–0.98 in) wide, with an entire, sometimes wavy margin, and a bony tip that may have one to five blunt teeth.

The cup-shaped flower heads are each 2½–4 cm (1.0–1.6 in) in diameter, almost without a peduncle, with two to five crowded at the end of the branches, occasionally on its own. The floral base is flat and 12 mm (0.47 in) in diameter. It is covered below by felty to hairless, papery, egg-shaped, long pointed, overlapping involucral bracts of 9–36 mm (0.35–1.42 in) long and 5–7 mm (0.20–0.28 in) wide, sometimes with a tuft of long hairs at its tip. The papery bracts at the base of the individual flowers are very narrowly lance-shaped, 1–3 cm (0.39–1.18 in) long, wooly near the base and sofly hairy towards the tip. The individual flower bud is a straight tube of about 2 cm (0.79 in) long, slightly transparante, initially whitish-transparent to pale yellowish green, yellow when opening, quickly becoming orange and turning bright crimson with age. When the flower opens, a cylindrical, hairless tube of 8 mm (0.31 in) remains that widens towards the top, and four thread-shaped lobes that are strongly curled on itself. The styles are initially strongly arched like a swan's neck, but straighten and grow quickly to a thread of 2½–3 cm (1–1¼ in) long, at first pale yellow but turning crimson when fully developed. The pollen-presenter, a slight thickening at the tip of the style (comparable with the "head" of the pin), is cylindrical, thread-like, only at its base slightly thicker than the style, 1 mm (0.039 in) long, the stigma a groove across the tip of the pollen-presenter. At the base of the ovary are for blunt thread-like opaque scales of about 2 mm (0.079 in) long. The fruit is ellipsoid in shape, 7½ mm (0.3 in) long, the surface thinly covered with a fine powder. The species flowers between August and January, peaking in September and October. Initially the flowers are bright yellow, but soon turn orange to end in a brilliant crimson, and they may remain vibrant for almost two months.

The subtribe Proteinae, to which the genus Leucospermum has been assigned, consistently has a basic chromosome number of twelve (2n=24).

Leucospermum oleifolium - Wikipedia