제주사약채-[정명] Angelica fallax H.Boissieu

Korean name: Je-Ju-Sa-Yak-Chae (제주사약채).

Herbs, perennial, hermaphroditic, 0.5–1 m tall. Root a taproot, 1–3 cm in diam., branched. Rhizome short, erect, woody. Stem green, dark green, or dark purple, erect, much branched, 0.3–0.8(–2) cm in diam., longitudinally grooved, solid, glabrous. Leaves alternate, basal and cauline, long petiolate; petiole green, sheathing at base, glabrous; leaf sheath slightly inflated, glabrous, adaxial surface pale green, abaxial surface green or purple; blade triangular in outline, 2- or 3-ternate-pinnate, upper surface green to dark green, lower surface pale green, both surfaces pubescent; rachides geniculate; leaflets triangular to pentagonal, apex acute, base truncate to cuneate, margins irregularly biserrate. Basal leaves caducous. Lower cauline leaves: petiole 8.5–20 cm long, glabrous; blade 21–30 × 25–32 cm, both surfaces sparsely pubescent with short simple hairs, lower surface sometimes glabrous, hair cells translucent or purple; lateral leaflets triangular to pentagonal, 2.5–3 × 2.3–2.4 cm, shallowly 3-lobed or unlobed, base truncate to cuneate, apex acute, petiolule 0.4–1 cm long; terminal leaflets rhombic or rhombic to triangular, 2.7–4.4 × 2.7–5 cm, deeply 3-lobed, apex acute, base truncate, petiolule 1.2–2.2 cm long. Inflorescences terminal and lateral, with 10–14 compound umbels, more or less round-topped, 7–12 cm in diam.; umbellets hermaphroditic, 20- to 24-flowered, 1.2–2.5 cm in diam.; peduncle 15–20 cm long, dark green to dark purple, sparsely pubescent with short simple hairs in middle, densely pubescent with transparent or dark purple simple hairs in upper part; rays 8–14, spreading to ascending, 1.8–5.5 cm long, unequal in length, adaxial surface densely pubescent with simple hairs, abaxial surface sparsely pubescent with simple hairs; bracts absent; pedicels 0.5–1 cm long, unequal in length, densely pubescent with short simple hairs; bractlets 4 or 5, subulate, 0.4–1.5(–2.7) cm × ca. 0.5 mm, apex acute, often pinnately lobed, both surfaces sparsely pubescent with short simple hairs. Flowers bisexual, ca. 4 mm in diam., stamens caducous, inner flowers actinomorphic, peripheral ones slightly zygomorphic; calyx teeth obsolete; petals 5, white, apex and veins abaxially usually purple-tinged, obovate, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 mm, those on peripheral flowers of umbellets slightly enlarged, 2.2–3.5 × 1.2–1.5 mm, apex 2-lobed; stamens 5, alternating with petals; filaments filiform, 1.5–2.5 mm long; anthers 2-locular, white to whitish yellow, subellipsoid, ca. 0.5 mm long; pistil 1, 2-carpellate; ovary inferior, syncarpous, 2-locular, glabrous, sometimes short simple hairs at apex; stylopodium low-conical; styles 2, free, ascending to spreading, ca. 1 mm long. Fruit a dry schizocarp composed of 2 mericarps, ellipsoid; carpophore 5–6 mm long, 2-cleft nearly to ca. 1/2 its length; mericarps dorsally compressed, 4–6 × ca. 2 mm (except wings), glabrous; dorsal ribs 3, narrowly winged, 0.2–0.3 mm wide, thick; marginal ribs broadly winged, 0.8–1.3 mm wide, base inflated; secondary ribs absent; vittae 6, 1 per vallecula, 2 on commissure; commissure ca. 2 mm wide. Seed sub-pentagonal in cross-section; face plane.

Flowering: November to January.

Fruiting: January to February.

Distribution and habitat: Angelica fallax occurs along the coast of Seogwipo-si; rooting in shallow spring water flowing toward the ocean.

Two populations were identified during the field survey. The straight line distance between them was approximately 8.5 kilometers. The environment of both populations is wet throughout the year and subject to occasional overflows due to heavy rainfall. One population (Gangjeongcheon Stream) comprised approximately 100 individuals, and the other (Geomeunyeo Coast) comprised approximately 200 individuals. Angelica fallax occurs with such common species as Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, Miscanthus sinensis Andersson, Ranunculus japonicus Thunb., Corydalis heterocarpa Siebold & Zucc., Boehmeria pannosa Nakai & Satake ex Oka, Microlepia strigose (Thunb.) C. Presl and Pseudocyclosorus subochthodes (Ching) Ching. Seogwipo-si is the warmest region in Korea, with a 16.9°C annual mean temperature, and is the highest region in rainfall, with 1,989.6 mm average annual precipitation (KMA National Climate Data Center, 2023).

Besides the features that separate Angelica fallax from A. polymorpha mentioned above, the two species differ in sub-pentagonal endosperm in cross-section (A. fallax) vs. oblong endosperm in cross-section (A. polymorpha). Their flowering and fruiting seasons also differ; A. fallax blooms from November to January and fruits from January to February, while A. polymorpha blooms from August to October and fruits from September to November.

Additional specimens examined: KOREA. Jejudo Island (Jeju-do Prov.): Seogwipo-si, Donghong-dong, Geomeunyeo Coast, 9 Jan 2023, C. S. Kim and K. Kim 231 (2 sheets), 232, 233 (3 sheets), 234, 235, 236, 237 (KIOM); Gangjeong-dong, downstream of Gangjeongcheon Stream, 20 Dec 2017, H. M. Lee 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176 (KIOM); 21 Nov 2018, G. S. Kim and H.-J. Suh 328, 329 (KIOM); 3 Nov 2019, K. Kim 191, 192, 193 (KIOM); 2 Dec 2019, K. Kim 194, 195, 196, 197 (KIOM); Gangjeong Bridge, 33°14′01.8″N, 126°29′11.3″E, elev. 77 m, 26 Sep 2013, S.-H. Park, C.-W. Lee, J.-G. Hong, S.-J. Ji, P133558 (KH!).

Re-evaluation of the taxonomic identity of Angelica fallax (Apiaceae) and its conservation status (e-kjpt.org)

 

 

https://youtu.be/5fw3Kc-g9Xk