관동-[정명] Tussilago farfara L.

과명	앵글러- Asteraceae (국화과)
속명	Tussilago (관동속)
전체학명	[정명] Tussilago farfara L.
추천명	관동
영문명	Coltsfoot
중국명	款冬
일본명	フキタンポポ

 

Each stem has a solitary flower between 15 and 30mm in diameter made up of numerous narrow rays (most people call them petals, which is not strictly correct) surrounding central disc florets. The pinkish stems, which are covered in scales, appear before the large heart-shaped leaves.

The square-section stems are reddish at first, paling to green as theflowers develop. Where the leaf-stalk attaches to the leaf there is a u-shaped bract that was thought to resemble the foot of a colt; this may be the origin of the English common name, although an unopened drooping flower bud seems to fit the bill reasonably well, too. Perhaps the most credible of the many suggestions is that the leaves are shaped like the hoofprint of a colt. (Note the scalloped leaf shape pictured below.)

Rather like Dandelions, the seeds of a Colt's-foot flower form a 'clock' (formally referred to as a pappus), each individual seed having its own hairy parachute. Clouds of these little parachutes are distributed upon the breeze.

 

Tussilago farfara, Colt's-foot: identification, distribution, habitat (first-nature.com)

The plant contains traces of liver-affecting pyrrolizidine alkaloids and is potentially toxic in large doses[222]. These alkaloids have not proved toxic at low dosages in tests and there is no suggestion that this plant should not be used medicinally[238]. Contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation [301]

Damp habitats, frequently on alkaline clays, in hedgebanks, roadsides, wasteland, often as a pioneer, and on dunes and shingle in coastal zones[200].

Europe, including Britain, from Norway south and east to N. Africa, western and northern Asia.

Tussilago farfara Coltsfoot PFAF Plant Database

Tussilago farfara L., Sp. Pl. 2: 865 (1753).

• Protologue locality: "Habitat in Europae argillosis subtus humidis."
• Typus: Herb. Linn. No. 995.10 (LINN), lectotypus designated by Rechinger, Fl. Iranica 164: 44 (1989).

Synonyms

• Homotypic
  • Cineraria farfara (L.) Bernh., Syst. Verz. Erf.: 146 (1800).
  • Petasites farfara (L.) Baill., Hist. Pl. 8: 58, 309 (1882).

Tussilago farfara - Wikispecies (wikimedia.org)

Tussilago farfara

The plant Tussilago farfara, a member of Compositae family, also known as Kuan-Dong-Hua in China, is used as common folk medicine. In present study, Gao et al. (2008) obtained the flower buds of T. farfara from the local herbal market in Chengdu, China. The dried flower buds (40 g) of T. farfara were extracted with 70% methanol and 5.94 g methanol extract was obtained. Different fractions of methanol extract were prepared by using different solvents such as hexane, chloroform methanol, and water. These fractions were then subjected to enzyme inhibition assays. Active fractions were subjected to reverse-phase preparative HPLC for purification.

Altogether eight compounds were isolated from the dried flower buds of T. farfara. Methanol fraction yielded 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (41), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (42), and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (43), which were reported first time from this plant as shown in Fig. 9.12. These three compounds exhibited significant inhibition against α-glucosidase enzyme with IC50 values of 0.90, 0.91, and 0.89 mM, respectively (Gao et al., 2008). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of MS and NMR data analyses and by comparing with that of published literature (Basnet et al., 1996; Ichikawa et al., 1991; Iwai et al., 2004; Zhu et al., 2004).

Tussilago farfara - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tussilago farfara (usda.gov)