대홍선인장-[정명]Hamatocactus hamatocanthus (Muehlenpf.) F.M.Knuth in Backeb. & F.M.Knuth

과명	앵글러- Cactaceae (선인장과)	속명	Hamatocactus (하마토칵투스속)
전체학명	[정명] Hamatocactus hamatacanthus (Muehlenpf.) F.M.Knuth	추천명	대홍선인장

 

Origin and Habitat: Southern Texas, New Mexico, and northern Mexico.
Altitude: 700-200 metres above sea level.
Habitat: Plants occur mainly in the Chihuahuan Desert from the lowest desert up to the wooded mountains in the limestone mesas and alluvial valleys, often among shrubs and in crevices of rocks. Often growing along with several species of xerophytes and succulents, comprising: Echinocereus pectinatusSN|7817]]SN|8503]], Echinocereus stramineusSN|8503]]SN|7817]], Epithelantha micromerisSN|6936]]SN|6936]], Echeveria coccineaSN|13290]]SN|13290]], Dasylirion acrotrichumSN|2998]]SN|2998]], Yucca treculeanaSN|29995]], Yucca treculeanaSN|29995]], Larrea tridentata, Parkinsonia aculeata, Escobaria chihuahuensisSN|10117]]SN|10117]], Coryphantha durangensisSN|10064]]SN|10064]], Agave strictaSN|23013]]SN|568]], Agave lechuguillaSN|568]]SN|23013]], Myrtillocactus geometrizansSN|8050]]SN|8050]], Neoloydia conoidea, Echinocactus platyacanthusSN|10367]]SN|10367]], Jatropha spathulata, Opuntia macrocentraSN|19920]]SN|25090]], Opuntia imbricataSN|8157]]SN|8157]], Opuntia engelmanniiSN|25090]]SN|19920]]... and many others.

Common Names include:
ENGLISH: Turks Head, Mexican Fruit Cactus, Texas Barrel Cactus, Turks Head Barrel cactus, Turks Head Cactus, Viznaga Barrel Cactus
SPANISH (Español): Biznaga de Tuna, Viznaga, Biznaga barril costillona

 

Description: Ferocactus hamatacanthusSN|3403]]SN|3403]] (a.k.a. Turk's head) is a medium sized barrel cactus with spines somewhat variable in number, diameter, and position, depending on origin.
Habit: Solitary, or double or triple branched after injury, occasionally even uninjured plants may form clusters with more than tree heads, particularly plants growing in rock crevices.
Stem: Hemispherical or spherical, becoming oblong or cylindrical, dark green to grey-green, up to 60 cm high (exceptionally near 90 cm high) and 5-30 cm in diameter partially obscured, mostly by interlacing radial spines.
Roots: Diffuse.
Ribs: 10-13, sometimes 17, rounded but not compressed at the crest, ofyten poorly defined, large, 2,5-5 cm high and thick and divided into rounded tubercles with areoles on tops.
Areoles: Large circular to elliptic, 1 to 3 cm apart with felted grooves running inward and upward with white, yellowish or grey wool in younger areoles. Between the flower and the spines in each areole there are some elongated glands, 2 to 4 mm long, these at first are soft, but in age become hard and spine like.
Spines: Somewhat variable in number, diameter, and position, mostly brownish red brownish, reddish or a mixture of red spines and yellowish, especially near the stem apex, sometime indistinctly annulate and often variegated, turning grey as they ages. In some plants, particularly on the upper one-half or one-third of the stems, the collective dominant colour of the spines is red. The areoles of immature plants have fewer and shorter central and radial spines than is typical in adult areoles.
Central spines: 4 to 8, elongated, stiff, terete, round, angled, or somewhat flattened in cross section, usually less than 8 cm long, but sometimes 15 cm long, curved backward to hooked at apex, sometimes twisted.
Radial spines: About 8-14(-20), acicular, terete, somewhat compressed or angled, relatively stout and stiff or somewhat thin and flexible, or even sinuate, 5 to 8 cm long, upper ascending, lower descending, laterals appressed.
Flowers large: Near apical in a ring, funnelform with well-developed floral tubes, (6-)7-8(-10) cm long, 6-8 cm in diameter, glossy, mostly yellow with a pale green throat, in some forms scarlet within. Pericarpel surface with 10-40 small, triangular scales with greenish-yellow, fringed margins. Filaments yellow to orange-yellow, anthers and pollen yellow. Stigma stigma yellow longer than stamens, with 8-14 lobes curved and twisted 4,5-6 mm long. The flowers are scented.
Blooming season: Late summer to autumn, flowers open midday, partially close at night, and reopen again for several days. Plants starts blooming when stems reach 15 cm high or less.
Fruit: Egg shaped, 2 to 5 cm. long, 2,5-3 cm in diameter fleshy, greenish yellow, green to pinkish red, dark brown to drab-colored (not red) usually with a persistent floral remnant, and with 50-40

widely spaced scales on the surface. The fruit of this species is unlike that of most other species of the genus; the skin is thin and the white pulp, is juicy, sweet and edible. Mature fruits sometime splits open by the the rupturing of the fruits near the apex and the extrude the seeds in a liquid, but more the fruits are indehiscent and dries on the plant and do not dehisce via a basal pore. The fruits persist through the summer and autumn and mature in winter.
Seeds: Ovate, about 1-1,5 mm, shiny black, pitted , and with a basal-lateral hilum that is marked by a sharp, narrow hilum-micropylar rim.

 

 

Hamatocactus hamatocanthus (llifle.com)

https://youtu.be/-cxR2XF6fZQ?t=440