유럽만병초-[정명] Rhododendron ponticum L.

과명	Ericaceae (진달래과)	속명	Rhododendron (진달래속)
전체학명	[정명] Rhododendron ponticum L.	추천명	유럽만병초

추천명변경: 폰티쿰만병초 -> 유럽만병초

 

Rhododendron ponticum, called common rhododendron or pontic rhododendron, is a species of flowering plant in the Rhododendron genus of the heath family Ericaceae. It is native to the Iberian Peninsula in southwest Europe and the Caucasus region in northern West Asia.

Description

R. ponticum is a dense, suckering shrub or small tree growing to 5 m (16 ft) tall, rarely 8 m (26 ft). The leaves are evergreen, 6 to 18 cm (2.4 to 7.1 in) long and 2 to 5 cm (0.79 to 1.97 in) wide. The flowers are 3.5 to 5 cm (1.4 to 2.0 in) in diameter, violet-purple, often with small greenish-yellow spots or streaks. The fruit is a dry capsule 1.5 to 2.5 cm (0.59 to 0.98 in) long, containing numerous small seeds.

It has two subspecies:

Image	Name	Distribution
	R. p. baeticum (Boiss. & Reut.) Hand.-Mazz.	Found in central and southern Portugal and southern Spain (in the Province of Cádiz).
	R. p. ponticum	Found around the southern Black Sea Basin (eastern Bulgaria, northern Turkey, Georgia, Northern Caucasus) and central Lebanon.

And a variegated variety:

• R. p. var. heterophyllum R. Ansin – Found in Turkey.

Distribution and habitat

The species has two disjunct populations, one in the southwestern Iberian Peninsula (central and southern Portugal and southwestern Spain) and the other near the southern Black Sea Basin (eastern Bulgaria, northern Turkey, Georgia, and Northern Caucasus). It has also been introduced to Madeira, Myanmar, Belgium, the British Isles, Netherlands and France.

The range in the Iberian Peninsula is limited to mountain ranges, the Caramulo mountains, the Monchique range and the Aljibe range. A remnant of the original laurissilva forests that covered the peninsula 66 million years ago.

Though the common rhododendron was present in Great Britain prior to the most recent ice age, it did not recolonise afterwards and the modern ecology of the island developed without it. Its presence today in Great Britain is due to humans introducing it, and it easily naturalises and becomes a pest in some situations, often covering whole hillsides (especially in Snowdonia and the western Scotland). In the British Isles, it colonises moorlands, uplands, shady woodlands (alongside escaped laurels and the native holly) and in areas of acid soils.

Historical range

Fossil evidence shows it had a much wider range across most of southern and western Europe before the Late Glacial Maximum, or until about 20,000 years ago.

It was noted by the botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort during his travels in the Near East in 1700–02, and so received its name from Linnaeus to identify the ancient kingdom on the south shores of the Black Sea, Pontus, in which it grew. At the other end of its range, in southern Spain, Linnaeus' friend and correspondent Clas Alströmer found it growing with oleander. It was introduced to Britain as an ornamental shrub in 1763, and later planted as cover for game birds. It is now considered to be an invasive species.

Rhododendron ponticum - Wikipedia

 

 

https://youtu.be/7W6P6kaAKXY?t=1042